الخروج 21 | الكتاب المقدس

الكتاب المقدس

العبيد العبرانيون

1 وَهَذِهِ هِي الأَحْكَامُ الَّتِي تَضَعُهَا أَمَامَهُمْ: 2 إنِ اشْتَرَيْتَ عَبْداً عِبْرَانِيًّا فَلْيَخْدُمْكَ سِتَّ سَنَوَاتٍ، وَفِي السَّنَةِ السَّابِعَةِ تُطْلِقُهُ حُرّاً مَجَّاناً 3 وَإذَا اشْتَرَيْتَهُ وَهُوَ أَعْزَبُ يُطْلَقُ وَحْدَهُ. وَإِنِ اشْتَرَيْتَهُ وَهُوَ بَعْلُ امْرَأَةٍ، تُطْلَقُ زَوْجَتُهُ مَعَهُ. 4 وَإِنْ وَهَبَهُ مَوْلاهُ زَوْجَةً وَأَنْجَبَتْ لَهُ بَنِينَ وَبَنَاتٍ، فَإِنَّ زَوْجَتَهُ وَأَوْلادَهَا يَكُونُونَ مِلْكاً لِسَيِّدِهِ، وَهُوَ يُطْلَقُ وَحْدَهُ حُرّاً. 5 لَكِنْ إِنْ قَالَ الْعَبْدُ: «أُحِبُّ مَوْلايَ وَزَوْجَتِي وَأَوْلادِي، وَلا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَخْرُجَ حُرّاً. 6 يَأْخُذُهُ سَيِّدُهُ إِلَى قُضَاةِ الْمَدِينَةِ، ثُمَّ يُقِيمُهُ لِصْقَ الْبَابِ أَوْ قَائِمَتِهِ، وَيَثْقُبُ أُذُنَهُ بِمِخْرَزٍ، فَيُصْبِحُ خَادِماً لَهُ مَدَى الْحَيَاةِ. 7 وَلَكِنْ إِذَا بَاعَ رَجُلٌ ابْنَتَهُ كَأَمَةٍ، فَإِنَّهَا لَا تُطْلَقُ حُرَّةً كَمَا يُطْلَقُ الْعَبْدُ. 8 فَإِذَا لَمْ تَرُقْ لِمَوْلاهَا الَّذِي خَطَبَهَا لِنَفْسِهِ، يَسْمَحُ بِافْتِدَائِهَا، وَلا يَحِقُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا لِقَوْمٍ أَجَانِبَ لأَنَّهُ غَدَرَ بِها فَلَمْ يَتَزَوَّجْهَا 9 وَإِنْ خَطَبَهَا لاِبْنِهِ فَإِنَّهُ يُعَامِلُهَا كَابْنَةٍ لَهُ. 10 أَمَّا إِذَا أَعْجَبَتْهُ وَتَزَوَّجَهَا، ثُمَّ عَادَ فَتَزَوَّجَ مِنْ أُخْرَى، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُنَقِّصُ شَيْئاً مِنْ طَعَامِهَا وَكُسْوَتِهَا وَمُعَاشَرَتِهَا، 11 فَإِذَا قَصَّرَ فِي وَاحِدٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الأَشْيَاءِ الثَّلاثَةِ، عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُطْلِقَهَا حُرَّةً مَجَّاناً.

الإصابات الشخصية

12 مَنْ ضَرَبَ إنْسَاناً وَقَتَلَهُ، فَالضَّارِبُ حَتْماً يَمُوتُ. 13 وَلَكِنْ إِنْ لَمْ يَتَعَمَّدِ الضَّارِبُ ذَلِكَ، بَلْ حَدَثَ الأَمْرُ بِقَضَاءِ اللهِ فَإِنِّي سَأُعَيِّنُ لَهُ مَكَاناً يَلْجَأُ إِلَيْهِ. 14 وَلَكِنْ إِذَا تَآمَرَ أَحَدٌ عَلَى آخَرَ وَتَعَمَّدَ قَتْلَهُ، فَسُقْهُ لِلْمَوْتِ حَتَّى وَلَوِ احْتَمَى بِمَذْبَحِي 15 كُلُّ مَنْ يَضْرِبْ أَبَاهُ أَوْ أُمَّهُ، يُقْتَلْ. 16 مَنْ يَخْطِفْ إِنْسَاناً وَيَبِعْهُ أَوْ يَسْتَرِقَّهُ عِنْدَهُ حَتْماً يَمُتْ. 17 مَنْ يَشْتِمْ أَبَاهُ أَوْ أُمَّهُ يُقْتَلْ. 18 إِذَا تَعَارَكَ رَجُلانِ فَضَرَبَ أَحَدُهُمَا الآخَرَ بِحَجَرٍ أَوْ لَكَمَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُمِيتَهُ بَلْ أَلْزَمَهُ الْفِرَاشَ، 19 ثُمَّ قَامَ مُتَمَشِّياً مُتَوَكِّئاً عَلَى عُكَّازِهِ، يُبَرَّأُ الضَّارِبُ، إلّا أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ لِلْمَضْرُوبِ تَعْوِيضاً عَنْ مُدَّةِ تَعَطُّلِهِ، وَيَتَحَمَّلَ نَفَقَاتِ عِلاجِهِ. 20 إنْ ضَرَبَ أَحَدٌ عَبْدَهُ أَوْ أَمَتَهُ بِالْعَصَا ضَرْباً أَفْضَى إِلَى الْمَوْتِ، يُعَاقَبُ. 21 لَكِنْ إِنْ بَقِيَ حَيًّا يَوْماً أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ، لَا يُعَاقَبُ الضَّارِبُ، لأَنَّ العَبْدَ مِلْكُهُ. 22 إِنْ تَضَارَبَ رِجَالٌ وَصَدَمُوا امْرَأَةً حَامِلاً فَأَجْهَضَتْ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تَتَأَذَّى، يَدْفَعُ الصَّادِمُ غَرَامَةً بِمُقْتَضَى مَا يُطَالِبُ بِهِ الزَّوْجُ وَوَفْقاً لِقَرَارِ الْقُضَاةِ. 23 أَمَّا إِذَا تَأَذَّتِ الْمَرْأَةُ، تَأْخُذُ نَفْساً بِنَفْسٍ، 24 وَعَيْناً بِعَيْنٍ، وَسِنّاً بِسِنٍّ، وَيَداً بِيَدٍ، وَرِجْلاً بِرِجْلٍ، 25 وَكَيًّا بِكَيٍّ، وَجُرْحاً بِجُرْحٍ، وَرَضّاً بِرَضٍّ. 26 وَإذَا ضَرَبَ أَحَدٌ عَبْدَهُ أَوْ أَمَتَهُ، فَأَتْلَفَ عَيْنَهُ، فَإِنَّهُ يُطْلِقُهُ حُرّاً تَعْوِيضاً لَهُ عَنْ عَيْنِهِ 27 وَإذَا ضَرَبَ أَحَدٌ عَبْدَهُ أَوْ أَمَتَهُ، فَأَسْقَطَ سِنَّهُ، فَإِنَّهُ يُطْلِقُهُ حُرّاً تَعْوِيضاً عَنْ سِنِّهِ. 28 إِذَا نَطَحَ ثَوْرٌ رَجُلاً أَوِ امْرَأَةً فَمَاتَ، يُرْجَمُ الثَّوْرُ حَتَّى الْمَوْتِ وَلا تَأْكُلُونَ لَحْمَهُ، وَيَكُونُ صَاحِبُ الثَّوْرِ بَرِيئاً. 29 أَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ الثَّوْرُ نَطَّاحاً مِنْ قَبْلُ، وَسَبَقَ إِنْذَارُ صَاحِبِهِ، فَلَمْ يَكْبَحْهُ، فَقَتَلَ رَجُلاً أَوِ امْرَأَةً، يُرْجَمُ الثَّوْرُ، وَيُقْتَلُ صَاحِبُهُ. 30 إلّا إِذَا طُولِبَ بِدَفْعِ الدِّيَّةِ، فَيَدْفَعُ آنَئِذٍ فِدَاءَ نَفْسِهِ مَا هُوَ مَتَوَجِّبٌ عَلَيْهِ. 31 وَإذَا نَطَحَ ابْناً أَوِ ابْنَةً، يُنَفَّذُ فِيهِ هَذَا الْحُكْمُ. 32 وَإذَا نَطَحَ الثَّوْرُ عَبْداً أَوْ أَمَةً، فَإِنَّ صَاحِبَهُ يَدْفَعُ ثَلاثِينَ قِطْعَةَ فِضَّةٍ تَعْوِيضاً لِمَوْلاهُ، وَيُرْجَمُ الثَّوْرُ. 33 إنْ كَشَفَ إِنْسَانٌ غِطَاءَ بِئْرِهِ، أَوْ حَفَرَ بِئْراً وَتَرَكَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ غِطَاءٍ، فَوَقَعَ فِيهَا ثَوْرٌ أَوْ حِمَارٌ، 34 يَقُومُ صَاحِبُ الْبِئْرِ بِدَفْعِ تَعْوِيضٍ عَنِ الْخَسَارَةِ تُضَاهِي ثَمَنَهُ، وَيَكُونُ الْمَيْتُ لَهُ. 35 وَإذَا نَطَحَ ثَوْرُ إِنْسَانٍ ثَوْرَ صَاحِبٍ لَهُ فَمَاتَ الثَّوْرُ، فَإِنَّهُمَا يَبِيعَانِ الثَّوْرَ الْحَيَّ وَيَقْتَسِمَانِ ثَمَنَهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ يَقْتَسِمَانِ الثَّوْرَ الْمَيْتَ. 36 وَأَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ مَعْرُوفاً مِنْ قَبْلُ، أَنَّ الثَّوْرَ نَطَّاحٌ وَلَمْ يَكْبَحْهُ صَاحِبُهُ، فَإِنَّهُ يُعَوِّضُ ثَوْراً بِثَوْرٍ، وَيَكُونُ الثَّوْرُ الْمَيْتُ لَهُ.

English Standard Version

Laws About Slaves

1 “Now these are the rules that you shall set before them. (خر 24:3; تث 4:14; تث 6:1) 2 When you buy a Hebrew slave,^[1] he shall serve six years, and in the seventh he shall go out free, for nothing. (لا 25:39; تث 15:12; إر 34:14) 3 If he comes in single, he shall go out single; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him. 4 If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master’s, and he shall go out alone. 5 But if the slave plainly says, ‘I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free,’ (تث 15:16) 6 then his master shall bring him to God, and he shall bring him to the door or the doorpost. And his master shall bore his ear through with an awl, and he shall be his slave forever. (مز 82:6; يو 10:34) 7 “When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves do. (نح 5:5) 8 If she does not please her master, who has designated her^[2] for himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. He shall have no right to sell her to a foreign people, since he has broken faith with her. 9 If he designates her for his son, he shall deal with her as with a daughter. 10 If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, or her marital rights. (1كو 7:5) 11 And if he does not do these three things for her, she shall go out for nothing, without payment of money. 12 “Whoever strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death. (تك 9:6; لا 24:17; عد 35:30; مت 26:52)

تك 9:6لا 24:17عد 35:30مت 26:52

13 But if he did not lie in wait for him, but God let him fall into his hand, then I will appoint for you a place to which he may flee. (عد 35:11; عد 35:22; تث 4:41; تث 19:2; تث 19:4; يش 20:2)

عد 35:11عد 35:22تث 4:41تث 19:2تث 19:4يش 20:2

14 But if a man willfully attacks another to kill him by cunning, you shall take him from my altar, that he may die. (1مل 2:28) 15 “Whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to death. 16 “Whoever steals a man and sells him, and anyone found in possession of him, shall be put to death. (خر 22:4; تث 24:7; 1تي 1:10) 17 “Whoever curses^[3] his father or his mother shall be put to death. (لا 20:9; تث 27:16; أم 20:20; أم 30:11; مت 15:4; مر 7:10)

لا 20:9تث 27:16أم 20:20أم 30:11مت 15:4مر 7:10

18 “When men quarrel and one strikes the other with a stone or with his fist and the man does not die but takes to his bed, 19 then if the man rises again and walks outdoors with his staff, he who struck him shall be clear; only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall have him thoroughly healed. 20 “When a man strikes his slave, male or female, with a rod and the slave dies under his hand, he shall be avenged. 21 But if the slave survives a day or two, he is not to be avenged, for the slave is his money. (لا 25:45) 22 “When men strive together and hit a pregnant woman, so that her children come out, but there is no harm, the one who hit her shall surely be fined, as the woman’s husband shall impose on him, and he shall pay as the judges determine. (تث 22:18; أي 31:11) 23 But if there is harm,^[4] then you shall pay life for life, (تث 19:21) 24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, (لا 24:20; تث 19:21; مت 5:38) 25 burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe. 26 “When a man strikes the eye of his slave, male or female, and destroys it, he shall let the slave go free because of his eye. 27 If he knocks out the tooth of his slave, male or female, he shall let the slave go free because of his tooth. 28 “When an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the ox shall be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten, but the owner of the ox shall not be liable. (تك 9:5) 29 But if the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has been warned but has not kept it in, and it kills a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned, and its owner also shall be put to death. 30 If a ransom is imposed on him, then he shall give for the redemption of his life whatever is imposed on him. (خر 21:22; خر 30:12; عد 35:31) 31 If it gores a man’s son or daughter, he shall be dealt with according to this same rule. 32 If the ox gores a slave, male or female, the owner shall give to their master thirty shekels^[5] of silver, and the ox shall be stoned. (خر 21:28; زك 11:12; مت 26:15)

Laws About Restitution

33 “When a man opens a pit, or when a man digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or a donkey falls into it, 34 the owner of the pit shall make restoration. He shall give money to its owner, and the dead beast shall be his. 35 “When one man’s ox butts another’s, so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox and share its price, and the dead beast also they shall share. 36 Or if it is known that the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has not kept it in, he shall repay ox for ox, and the dead beast shall be his.