1 Samuel 20 | English Standard Version

English Standard Version

Jonathan Warns David

1 Then David fled from Naioth in Ramah and came and said before Jonathan, “What have I done? What is my guilt? And what is my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?” (1Sa 1:19) 2 And he said to him, “Far from it! You shall not die. Behold, my father does nothing either great or small without disclosing it to me. And why should my father hide this from me? It is not so.” 3 But David vowed again, saying, “Your father knows well that I have found favor in your eyes, and he thinks, ‘Do not let Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved.’ But truly, as the Lord lives and as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death.” (Ge 33:15; Ru 3:13; 1Sa 1:26; 1Sa 25:26; 2Ki 2:2; 2Ki 2:4; 2Ki 2:6; 2Ki 4:30)

Ge 33:15Ru 3:131Sa 1:261Sa 25:262Ki 2:22Ki 2:42Ki 2:62Ki 4:30

4 Then Jonathan said to David, “Whatever you say, I will do for you.” 5 David said to Jonathan, “Behold, tomorrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit at table with the king. But let me go, that I may hide myself in the field till the third day at evening. (Nu 10:10; Nu 28:11; 1Sa 19:2; 1Sa 20:18)

Nu 10:10Nu 28:111Sa 19:21Sa 20:18

6 If your father misses me at all, then say, ‘David earnestly asked leave of me to run to Bethlehem his city, for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the clan.’ (1Sa 9:12; 1Sa 16:4; 1Sa 20:18) 7 If he says, ‘Good!’ it will be well with your servant, but if he is angry, then know that harm is determined by him. (1Sa 20:33; 1Sa 25:17; Es 7:7) 8 Therefore deal kindly with your servant, for you have brought your servant into a covenant of the Lord with you. But if there is guilt in me, kill me yourself, for why should you bring me to your father?” (1Sa 18:3; 1Sa 20:16; 1Sa 20:42; 1Sa 23:18; 2Sa 14:32; 2Sa 21:7)

1Sa 18:31Sa 20:161Sa 20:421Sa 23:182Sa 14:322Sa 21:7

9 And Jonathan said, “Far be it from you! If I knew that it was determined by my father that harm should come to you, would I not tell you?” (1Sa 20:7) 10 Then David said to Jonathan, “Who will tell me if your father answers you roughly?” 11 And Jonathan said to David, “Come, let us go out into the field.” So they both went out into the field. 12 And Jonathan said to David, “The Lord, the God of Israel, be witness!^[1] When I have sounded out my father, about this time tomorrow, or the third day, behold, if he is well disposed toward David, shall I not then send and disclose it to you? 13 But should it please my father to do you harm, the Lord do so to Jonathan and more also if I do not disclose it to you and send you away, that you may go in safety. May the Lord be with you, as he has been with my father. (Jos 1:5; Jos 1:17; Ru 1:17; 1Sa 17:37; 1Ki 1:37; 1Ch 22:11; 1Ch 22:16)

Jos 1:5Jos 1:17Ru 1:171Sa 17:371Ki 1:371Ch 22:111Ch 22:16

14 If I am still alive, show me the steadfast love of the Lord, that I may not die; 15 and do not cut off^[2] your steadfast love from my house forever, when the Lord cuts off every one of the enemies of David from the face of the earth.” (2Sa 9:1; 2Sa 9:3; 2Sa 9:7; 2Sa 21:7)

2Sa 9:12Sa 9:32Sa 9:72Sa 21:7

16 And Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, “May^[3] the Lord take vengeance on David’s enemies.” (Jos 22:23; 1Sa 25:22) 17 And Jonathan made David swear again by his love for him, for he loved him as he loved his own soul. (1Sa 18:1; 1Sa 18:3) 18 Then Jonathan said to him, “Tomorrow is the new moon, and you will be missed, because your seat will be empty. (1Sa 20:5; 1Sa 20:6; 1Sa 20:25; 1Sa 20:27)

1Sa 20:51Sa 20:61Sa 20:251Sa 20:27

19 On the third day go down quickly to the place where you hid yourself when the matter was in hand, and remain beside the stone heap.^[4] 20 And I will shoot three arrows to the side of it, as though I shot at a mark. 21 And behold, I will send the boy, saying, ‘Go, find the arrows.’ If I say to the boy, ‘Look, the arrows are on this side of you, take them,’ then you are to come, for, as the Lord lives, it is safe for you and there is no danger. (Ru 3:13; 1Sa 20:3) 22 But if I say to the youth, ‘Look, the arrows are beyond you,’ then go, for the Lord has sent you away. (1Sa 20:37) 23 And as for the matter of which you and I have spoken, behold, the Lord is between you and me forever.” (1Sa 20:14; 1Sa 20:42) 24 So David hid himself in the field. And when the new moon came, the king sat down to eat food. 25 The king sat on his seat, as at other times, on the seat by the wall. Jonathan sat opposite,^[5] and Abner sat by Saul’s side, but David’s place was empty. (1Sa 20:18) 26 Yet Saul did not say anything that day, for he thought, “Something has happened to him. He is not clean; surely he is not clean.” (Le 7:21; Le 11:24; Le 15:1) 27 But on the second day, the day after the new moon, David’s place was empty. And Saul said to Jonathan his son, “Why has not the son of Jesse come to the meal, either yesterday or today?” (1Sa 20:25; 1Sa 20:34) 28 Jonathan answered Saul, “David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem. (1Sa 20:6) 29 He said, ‘Let me go, for our clan holds a sacrifice in the city, and my brother has commanded me to be there. So now, if I have found favor in your eyes, let me get away and see my brothers.’ For this reason he has not come to the king’s table.” 30 Then Saul’s anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse, rebellious woman, do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame, and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness? 31 For as long as the son of Jesse lives on the earth, neither you nor your kingdom shall be established. Therefore send and bring him to me, for he shall surely die.” 32 Then Jonathan answered Saul his father, “Why should he be put to death? What has he done?” (1Sa 19:5) 33 But Saul hurled his spear at him to strike him. So Jonathan knew that his father was determined to put David to death. (1Sa 18:11; 1Sa 19:10; 1Sa 20:7) 34 And Jonathan rose from the table in fierce anger and ate no food the second day of the month, for he was grieved for David, because his father had disgraced him. 35 In the morning Jonathan went out into the field to the appointment with David, and with him a little boy. 36 And he said to his boy, “Run and find the arrows that I shoot.” As the boy ran, he shot an arrow beyond him. 37 And when the boy came to the place of the arrow that Jonathan had shot, Jonathan called after the boy and said, “Is not the arrow beyond you?” (1Sa 20:22) 38 And Jonathan called after the boy, “Hurry! Be quick! Do not stay!” So Jonathan’s boy gathered up the arrows and came to his master. 39 But the boy knew nothing. Only Jonathan and David knew the matter. 40 And Jonathan gave his weapons to his boy and said to him, “Go and carry them to the city.” 41 And as soon as the boy had gone, David rose from beside the stone heap^[6] and fell on his face to the ground and bowed three times. And they kissed one another and wept with one another, David weeping the most. 42 Then Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace, because we have sworn both of us in the name of the Lord, saying, ‘The Lord shall be between me and you, and between my offspring and your offspring, forever.’” And he rose and departed, and Jonathan went into the city.^[7] (1Sa 1:17; 1Sa 20:13; 1Sa 20:15; 1Sa 20:23)

1Sa 1:171Sa 20:131Sa 20:151Sa 20:23

الكتاب المقدس

داود ويوناثان

1 وَهَرَبَ دَاوُدُ مِنْ نَايُوتَ فِي الرَّامَةِ وَالْتَقَى بِيُونَاثَانَ وَسَأَلَهُ: «مَاذَا جَنَيْتُ، وَمَاذَا اقْتَرَفْتُ مِنْ إِثْمٍ فِي حَقِّ أَبِيكَ حَتَّى يُصِرَّ عَلَى قَتْلِي؟» 2 فَأَجَابَهُ: «مَعَاذَ اللهِ أَنْ تَمُوتَ! فَإِنَّ أَبِي لَا يُقْدِمُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ كَبِيرٍ أَمْ صَغِيرٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُطْلِعَنِي عَلَيْهِ، فَلِمَاذَا يُخْفِي عَنِّي أَمْراً كَهَذَا؟ إِنَّ مَخَاوِفَكَ لَا أَسَاسَ لَهَا مِنَ الصِّحَّةِ». 3 فَأَقْسَمَ دَاوُدُ قَائِلاً: «إِنَّ أَبَاكَ يُدْرِكُ أَنَّنِي حَظِيتُ بِرِضَاكَ، لِذَلِكَ قَالَ فِي نَفْسِهِ: لأَكْتُمَنَّ الأَمْرَ عَنْ يُونَاثَانَ لِئَلّا يَطْغَى عَلَيْهِ الْغَمُّ. وَلَكِنِّي أُقْسِمُ لَكَ بِاللهِ الْحَيِّ، كَمَا أُقْسِمُ بِحَيَاتِكَ، إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ الْمَوْتِ سِوَى خُطْوَةٍ». 4 فَأَجَابَ يُونَاثَانُ: «مَهْمَا تَطْلُبْهُ نَفْسُكَ أَفْعَلْهُ لَكَ». 5 فَقَالَ دَاوُدُ لِيُونَاثَانَ: «غَداً هُوَ الاحْتِفَالُ بِأَوَّلِ أَيَّامِ الشَّهْرِ، حَيْثُ مِنْ عَادَتِي أَنْ أَجْلِسَ مَعَ الْمَلِكِ حَوْلَ مَائِدَةِ الأَكْلِ وَلَكِنْ دَعْنِي أَذْهَبُ فَأَخْتَبِئَ فِي الْحَقْلِ إِلَى مَسَاءِ الْيَوْمِ الثَّالِثِ. 6 فَإِذَا افْتَقَدَنِي أَبُوكَ، فَقُلْ لَهُ: قَدِ اسْتَأْذَنَ مِنِّي فِي الذَّهَابِ إِلَى بَيْتِ لَحْمٍ مَدِينَتِهِ لِلْمُشَارَكَةِ فِي الذَّبِيحَةِ السَّنَوِيَّةِ الَّتِي تُقَامُ لِكُلِّ الْعَشِيرَةِ. 7 فَإِنْ قَالَ: حَسَناً، فَمَعْنَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّ خَادِمَكَ فِي أَمَانٍ. وَلَكِنْ إِنِ اشْتَعَلَ غَيْظاً فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ يُضْمِرُ لِيَ الشَّرَّ. 8 أَمَّا أَنْتَ فَتَكُونُ قَدْ صَنَعْتَ خَيْراً مَعَ خَادِمِكَ، وَفَاءً بِمَا قَطَعْتَ لَهُ مِنْ عَهْدٍ أَشْهَدْتَ عَلَيْهِ الرَّبَّ. وَإِنْ كَانَ فِيَّ إِثمٌ فَخَيْرٌ أَنْ تَقْتُلَنِي أَنْتَ مِنْ أَنْ تُسْلِمَنِي لأَبِيكَ». 9 فَقَالَ يُونَاثَانُ: «مَعَاذَ اللهِ أَنْ يَحْدُثَ ذَلِكَ، لأَنَّهُ لَوْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ أَبِي يُضْمِرُ لَكَ شَرّاً، أَفَمَا كُنْتُ أُخْبِرُكَ؟» 10 وَتَسَاءَلَ دَاوُدُ: «مَنْ يُخْبِرُنِي إِنْ رَدَّ عَلَيْكَ أَبُوكَ بِجَوَابٍ فَظٍّ؟» 11 فَأَجَابَهُ يُونَاثَانُ: «تَعَالَ نَخْرُجُ إِلَى الْحَقْلِ». فَانْطَلَقَا مَعاً إِلَى الْحَقْلِ. 12 وَهُنَاكَ قَالَ يُونَاثَانُ لِدَاوُدَ: «لِيَكُنِ الرَّبُّ إِلَهُ إِسْرَائِيلَ شَاهِداً أَنَّهُ إِنْ كَشَفْتُ عَنْ نِيَّةِ أَبِي مِنْ نَحْوِكَ غداً أَوْ بَعْدَ غَدٍ، فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْوَقْتِ، فَوَجَدْتُ أَنَّهُ يَكُنُّ لَكَ الْخَيْرَ وَلَمْ أُرْسِلْ لأُطْلِعَكَ عَلَيْهِ، 13 فَلْيُعَاقِبِ الرَّبُّ يُونَاثَانَ أَشَدَّ عُقُوبَةٍ وَيَزِدْ. وَإِنْ أَضْمَرَ لَكَ أَبِي سُوءاً فَإِنَّنِي أُخْبِرُكَ وَأُطْلِقُكَ، فَتَنْصَرِفُ بِسَلامٍ، وَلْيَكُنِ الرَّبُّ مَعَكَ كَمَا كَانَ مَعَ أَبِي. 14 وَلا تَقْصُرُ خَيْرَ الرَّبِّ عَلَيَّ فِي أَثْنَاءِ حَيَاتِي. 15 بَلِ احْفَظِ الْعَهْدَ نَفْسَهُ مَعَ عَائِلَتِي إِلَى الأَبَدِ، حَتَّى حِينَ يَقْضِي الرَّبُّ عَلَى جَمِيعِ أَعْدَائِكَ». 16 وَهَكَذَا أَبْرَمَ يُونَاثَانُ عَهْداً مَعَ بَيْتِ دَاوُدَ قَائِلاً: «وَلْيُعَاقِبْكَ الرَّبُّ بِيَدِ أَعْدَائِكَ إِنْ خُنْتَ الْعَهْدَ». 17 ثُمَّ عَادَ يُونَاثَانُ يَسْتَحْلِفُ دَاوُدَ بِمَحَبَّتِهِ لَهُ لأَنَّهُ أَحَبَّهُ كَمَحَبَّتِهِ لِنَفْسِهِ. 18 وَقَالَ لَهُ يُونَاثَانُ: «غَداً يَكُونُ الاحْتِفَالُ بِأَوَّلِ الشَّهْرِ فَيَفْتَقِدُونَكَ لأَنَّ مَوْضِعَكَ يَكُونُ خَالِياً. 19 وَفِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّالِثِ، عِنْدَ حُلُولِ الْمَسَاءِ، تَأْتِي مُسْرِعاً إِلَى الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي اخْتَبَأْتَ فِيهِ عِنْدَمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ زِمَامُ الأَمْرِ قَدْ أَفْلَتَ بَعْدُ، وَتَجْلِسُ إِلَى جِوَارِ حَجَرِ الافْتِرَاقِ. 20 فَأَرْمِي أَنَا ثَلاثَةَ سِهَامٍ إِلَى جَانِبِهِ وَكَأَنَّنِي أَسْتَهْدِفُ غَرَضاً. 21 وَعِنْدَئِذٍ أُرْسِلُ الْغُلامَ قَائِلاً: ’اذْهَبْ وَالْتَقِطِ السِّهَامَ‘ فَإِنْ قُلْتُ لَهُ: ’هَا السِّهَامُ إِلَى جَانِبِكَ فَأَحْضِرْهَا‘ تَعَالَ، لأَنَّهُ حَيٌّ هُوَ الرَّبُّ، أَنْتَ فِي أَمَانٍ وَلا خَطَرَ عَلَيْكَ. 22 وَلَكِنْ إِنْ قُلْتُ لِلْغُلامِ: ’هَا السِّهَامُ أَمَامَكَ فَتَقَدَّمْ‘ فَامْضِ لأَنَّ الرَّبَّ قَدْ أَطْلَقَكَ. 23 أَمَّا مَا جَرَى بَيْنَنَا مِنْ حَدِيثٍ فَلْيَكُنِ الرَّبُّ شَاهِداً عَلَيْهِ إِلَى الأَبَدِ». 24 فَاخْتَبَأَ دَاوُدُ فِي الْحَقْلِ. وَفِي أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ جَلَسَ الْمَلِكُ لِتَنَاوُلِ الطَّعَامِ 25 فِي مَقْعَدِهِ الْمُعْتَادِ عِنْدَ الْحَائِطِ، وَجَلَسَ يُونَاثَانُ فِي مُوَاجَهَتِهِ. أَمَّا أَبْنَيْرُ فَقَدِ احْتَلَّ مَقْعَداً إِلَى جِوَارِ شَاوُلَ. 26 وَلَمْ يُعَلِّقْ شَاوُلُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ عَلَى غِيَابِ دَاوُدَ، ظَنّاً مِنْهُ أَنَّ عَارِضاً قَدْ أَلَمَّ بِهِ وَأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ طَاهِرٍ طِبْقاً لِلشَّرِيعَةِ. 27 وَلَكِنْ عِنْدَمَا خَلا مَوْضِعُ دَاوُدَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّانِي مِنَ الشَّهْرِ، سَأَلَ شَاوُلُ يُونَاثَانَ ابْنَهُ: «لِمَاذَا تَغَيَّبَ ابْنُ يَسَّى عَنِ الطَّعَامِ أَمْسِ وَالْيَوْمَ؟» 28 فَأَجَابَ يُونَاثَانُ: «لَقَدِ اسْتَأْذَنَ دَاوُدُ مِنِّي لِلذَّهَابِ إِلَى بَيْتِ لَحْمٍ، 29 وَقَالَ: دَعْنِي أَذْهَبُ لأَنَّ عَشِيرَتِي تُقَدِّمُ ذَبِيحَةً فِي الْمَدِينَةِ، وَقَدْ أَوْصَانِي أَخِي بِالْحُضُورِ. فَإِنْ حَظِيتُ بِرِضَاكَ فَدَعْنِي أَمْضِي لأَرَى إِخْوَتِي، لِذَلِكَ تَغَيَّبَ عَنْ مَائِدَةِ الْمَلِكِ». 30 فَاسْتَشَاطَ شَاوُلُ غَضَباً عَلَى يُونَاثَانَ وَقَالَ لَهُ: «يَا ابْنَ الْمُتَعَوِّجَةِ الْمُتَمَرِّدَةِ، أَتَظُنُّ أَنَّنِي لَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَنَّ انْحِيَازَكَ لاِبْنِ يَسَّى يُفْضِي إِلَى خِزْيِكَ وَخِزْيِ أُمِّكَ الَّتِي أَنْجَبَتْكَ؟ 31 فَمَادَامَ ابْنُ يَسَّى حَيًّا فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسْتَقِرُّ أَنْتَ وَلا مَمْلَكَتُكَ. وَالآنَ أَرْسِلْ وَاقْبِضْ عَلَيْهِ، وَأْتِ بِهِ لأَنَّهُ مَحْكُومٌ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَوْتِ». 32 فَأَجَابَ يُونَاثَانُ: «لِمَاذَا يُقْتَلُ، وَأَيُّ ذَنْبٍ جَنَاهُ؟» 33 فَصَوَّبَ شَاوُلُ الرُّمْحَ نَحْوَهُ لِيَطْعَنَهُ، فَأَدْرَكَ يُونَاثَانُ عَلَى الْفَوْرِ أَنَّ وَالِدَهُ مُصِرٌّ عَلَى قَتْلِ دَاوُدَ. 34 فَغَادَرَ الْمَائِدَةَ وَالْغَضَبُ الْجَامِحُ يَعْصِفُ بِهِ، مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَقْرُبَ الطَّعَامَ إِذْ سَاءَهُ تَصَرُّفُ وَالِدِهِ الْمُخْزِي مِنْ نَحْوِ دَاوُدَ. وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّانِي مِنْ أَوَّلِ الشَّهْرِ. 35 وَخَرَجَ فِي صَبَاحِ الْيَوْمِ الثَّالِثِ إِلَى الْحَقْلِ كَمَا اتَّفَقَ مَعَ دَاوُدَ، يُرَافِقُهُ غُلامٌ صَغِيرٌ. 36 فَقَالَ لِغُلامِهِ: «أَسْرِعْ وَالْتَقِطِ السِّهَامَ الَّتِي أَرْمِي بِها». وَبَيْنَمَا كَانَ الْغُلامُ رَاكِضاً رَمَى السَّهْمَ حَتَّى جَاوَزَ الْغُلامَ. 37 وَعِنْدَمَا وَصَلَ الْغُلامُ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ السَّهْمِ الَّذِي رَمَاهُ نَادَى يُونَاثَانُ الْغُلامَ: «أَلَيْسَ السَّهْمُ أَمَامَكَ؟» 38 ثُمَّ عَادَ يَهْتِفُ بِهِ: «عَجِّلْ أَسْرِعْ! لَا تَقِفْ». فَالْتَقَطَ الْغُلامُ السَّهْمَ وَجَاءَ بِهِ إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ. 39 وَلَمْ يَعْلَمِ الْغُلامُ بِمَا يَجْرِي، أَمَّا يُونَاثَانُ وَدَاوُدُ فَهُمَا وَحْدَهُمَا اللَّذَانِ كَانَا مُطَّلِعَيْنِ عَلَى الأَمْرِ. 40 فَعَهَدَ يُونَاثَانُ بِسِلاحِهِ إِلَى الْغُلامِ قَائِلاً لَهُ: «اذْهَبْ، وَادْخُلْ بِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ». 41 وَمَا إِنْ تَوَارَى الْغُلامُ عَنِ الأَنْظَارِ حَتَّى بَرَزَ دَاوُدُ مِنَ الْجِهَةِ الْجَنُوبِيَّةِ وَسَقَطَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ إِلَى الأَرْضِ سَاجِداً ثَلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَقَبَّلَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ، وَبَكَيَا مَعاً. وَكَانَ بُكَاءُ دَاوُدَ أَشَدَّ مَرَارَةً. 42 وَقَالَ يُونَاثَانُ لِدَاوُدَ: «امْضِ بِسَلامٍ لأَنَّنَا كِلَيْنَا حَلَفْنَا عَلَى صَدَاقَتِنَا بِاسْمِ الرَّبِّ قَائِلَيْنِ: لِيَكُنِ الرَّبُّ شَاهِداً بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ، وَبَيْنَ نَسْلِي وَنَسْلِكَ إِلَى الأَبَدِ». ثُمَّ افْتَرَقَا. فَذَهَبَ دَاوُدُ فِي طَرِيقِهِ، أَمَّا يُونَاثَانُ فَرَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ.