1Los filisteos reunieron sus ejércitos para la guerra, concentrando sus fuerzas en Soco, pueblo de Judá. Acamparon en Efesdamín, situado entre Soco y Azeca.2Por su parte, Saúl y los israelitas se reunieron también y, acampando en el valle de Elá, ordenaron sus filas para la batalla contra los filisteos.3Con el valle de por medio, los filisteos y los israelitas tomaron posiciones en montes opuestos.4Un famoso guerrero, oriundo de Gat, salió del campamento filisteo. Su nombre era Goliat, y tenía una estatura de casi tres metros.[1]5Llevaba en la cabeza un casco de bronce, y su coraza, que pesaba cincuenta y cinco kilos,[2] también era de bronce,6como lo eran las polainas que le protegían las piernas y la jabalina que llevaba al hombro.7El asta de su lanza se parecía al rodillo de un telar, y tenía una punta de hierro que pesaba casi siete kilos.[3] Delante de él marchaba un escudero.8Goliat se detuvo ante los soldados israelitas, y los desafió: «¿Para qué estáis ordenando vuestras filas para la batalla? ¿No soy yo un filisteo? ¿Y no estáis vosotros al servicio de Saúl? ¿Por qué no escogéis a alguien que se me enfrente?9Si es capaz de hacerme frente y matarme, nosotros os serviremos a vosotros; pero, si yo lo venzo y lo mato, vosotros seréis nuestros esclavos y nos serviréis».10Dijo además el filisteo: «¡Yo desafío hoy al ejército de Israel! ¡Elegid a un hombre que pelee conmigo!»11Al oír lo que decía el filisteo, Saúl y todos los israelitas se consternaron y tuvieron mucho miedo.12David era hijo de Isaí, un efrateo que vivía en Belén de Judá. En tiempos de Saúl, Isaí era ya de edad muy avanzada, y tenía ocho hijos.13Sus tres hijos mayores habían marchado a la guerra con Saúl. El primogénito se llamaba Eliab; el segundo, Abinadab; el tercero, Sama.14Estos tres habían seguido a Saúl por ser los mayores. David, que era el menor,15solía ir adonde estaba Saúl, pero regresaba a Belén para cuidar las ovejas de su padre.16El filisteo salía mañana y tarde a desafiar a los israelitas, y así lo estuvo haciendo durante cuarenta días.17Un día, Isaí le dijo a su hijo David: «Toma esta bolsa[4] de trigo tostado y estos diez panes, y vete pronto al campamento para dárselos a tus hermanos.18Lleva también estos diez quesos para el jefe del batallón. Averigua cómo les va a tus hermanos, y tráeme una prueba de que ellos están bien.19Los encontrarás en el valle de Elá, con Saúl y todos los soldados israelitas, peleando contra los filisteos».20David cumplió con las instrucciones de Isaí. Se levantó muy de mañana y, después de encargarle el rebaño a un pastor, tomó las provisiones y se puso en camino. Llegó al campamento en el momento en que los soldados, lanzando gritos de guerra, salían a tomar sus posiciones.21Los israelitas y los filisteos se alinearon frente a frente.22David, por su parte, dejó su carga al cuidado del encargado de las provisiones, y corrió a las filas para saludar a sus hermanos.23Mientras conversaban, Goliat, el gran guerrero filisteo de Gat, salió de entre las filas para repetir su desafío, y David lo oyó.24Cada vez que los israelitas veían a Goliat huían despavoridos.25Algunos decían: «¿Veis a ese hombre que sale a desafiar a Israel? A quien lo venza y lo mate, el rey lo colmará de riquezas. Además, le dará su hija como esposa, y su familia quedará exenta de impuestos aquí en Israel».26David preguntó a los que estaban con él: ―¿Qué dicen que le darán a quien mate a ese filisteo y salve así el honor de Israel? ¿Quién se cree este filisteo pagano,[5] que se atreve a desafiar al ejército del Dios viviente?27―Al que lo mate —repitieron— se le dará la recompensa anunciada.28Eliab, el hermano mayor de David, le oyó hablar con los hombres y se puso furioso con él. Le reconvino: ―¿Qué has venido a hacer aquí? ¿Con quién has dejado aquellas pocas ovejas en el desierto? Te conozco. Eres un atrevido y mal intencionado. ¡Seguro que has venido para ver la batalla!29―¿Y ahora qué he hecho? —preguntó David—. ¡Si apenas he abierto la boca!30Apartándose de su hermano, les preguntó a otros, quienes le dijeron lo mismo.31Algunos que oyeron lo que había dicho David se lo contaron a Saúl, y este mandó llamarlo.32Entonces David le dijo a Saúl: ―¡Nadie tiene por qué desanimarse a causa de este filisteo! Yo mismo iré a pelear contra él.33―¡Cómo vas a pelear tú solo contra este filisteo! —replicó Saúl—. No eres más que un muchacho, mientras que él ha sido un guerrero toda la vida.34David le respondió: ―A mí me toca cuidar el rebaño de mi padre. Cuando un león o un oso viene y se lleva una oveja del rebaño,35yo lo persigo y lo golpeo hasta que suelta la presa. Y, si el animal me ataca, lo agarro por la melena y lo sigo golpeando hasta matarlo.36Si este tu siervo ha matado leones y osos, lo mismo puede hacer con ese filisteo pagano, porque está desafiando al ejército del Dios viviente.37El SEÑOR, que me libró de las garras del león y del oso, también me librará del poder de ese filisteo. ―Anda, pues —dijo Saúl—, y que el SEÑOR te acompañe.38Luego Saúl vistió a David con su uniforme de campaña. Le entregó también un casco de bronce y le puso una coraza.39David se ciñó la espada sobre la armadura e intentó caminar, pero no pudo porque no estaba acostumbrado. ―No puedo andar con todo esto —le dijo a Saúl—; no estoy entrenado para ello. De modo que se quitó todo aquello,40tomó su bastón, fue al río a escoger cinco piedras lisas, y las metió en su bolsa de pastor. Luego, honda en mano, se acercó al filisteo.41Este, por su parte, también avanzaba hacia David detrás de su escudero.42Le echó una mirada a David y, al darse cuenta de que era apenas un muchacho, trigueño y buen mozo, con desprecio43le dijo: ―¿Soy acaso un perro para que vengas a atacarme con palos? Y, maldiciendo a David en nombre de sus dioses,44añadió: ―¡Ven acá, que les voy a echar tu carne a las aves del cielo y a las fieras del campo!45David le contestó: ―Tú vienes contra mí con espada, lanza y jabalina, pero yo vengo a ti en el nombre del SEÑOR Todopoderoso, el Dios de los ejércitos de Israel, a quien has desafiado.46Hoy mismo el SEÑOR te entregará en mis manos; y yo te mataré y te cortaré la cabeza. Hoy mismo echaré los cadáveres del ejército filisteo a las aves del cielo y a las fieras del campo, y todo el mundo sabrá que hay un Dios en Israel.47Todos los que están aquí reconocerán que el SEÑOR salva sin necesidad de espada ni de lanza. La batalla es del SEÑOR, y él os entregará en nuestras manos.48En cuanto el filisteo avanzó para acercarse a David y enfrentarse a él, también este corrió rápidamente hacia la línea de batalla para hacerle frente.49Metiendo la mano en su bolsa sacó una piedra, y con la honda se la lanzó al filisteo, hiriéndolo en la frente. Con la piedra incrustada entre ceja y ceja, el filisteo cayó de bruces al suelo.50Así fue como David triunfó sobre el filisteo: lo hirió de muerte con una honda y una piedra, y sin empuñar la espada.51Luego corrió adonde estaba el filisteo, le quitó la espada y, desenvainándola, lo remató con ella y le cortó la cabeza. Cuando los filisteos vieron que su héroe había muerto, salieron corriendo.52Entonces los soldados de Israel y de Judá, dando gritos de guerra, se lanzaron contra ellos y los persiguieron hasta la entrada de Gat[6] y hasta las puertas de Ecrón. Todo el camino, desde Sajarayin hasta Gat y Ecrón, quedó cubierto de cadáveres de filisteos.53Cuando los israelitas dejaron de perseguir a los filisteos, regresaron para saquearles el campamento.54Luego David tomó la cabeza de Goliat y la llevó a Jerusalén, pero las armas las guardó en su tienda de campaña.55Anteriormente, Saúl, al ver a David enfrentarse con el filisteo, le había preguntado a Abner, general de su ejército: ―Abner, ¿quién es el padre de ese muchacho? ―Te aseguro, oh rey, que no lo sé.56―Averíguame quién es —le había dicho el rey.57Tan pronto como David regresó, después de haber matado a Goliat, y con la cabeza del filisteo todavía en la mano, Abner lo llevó ante Saúl.58―¿De quién eres hijo, muchacho? —le preguntó Saúl. ―De Isaí de Belén, tu siervo —respondió David.
1.Samuel 17
English Standard Version
David and Goliath
1Now the Philistines gathered their armies for battle. And they were gathered at Socoh, which belongs to Judah, and encamped between Socoh and Azekah, in Ephes-dammim. (Jos 10,10; Jos 15,35; 1Sam 13,5; 1Chr 11,13; Neh 11,30)2And Saul and the men of Israel were gathered, and encamped in the Valley of Elah, and drew up in line of battle against the Philistines. (1Sam 17,19; 1Sam 21,9)3And the Philistines stood on the mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on the mountain on the other side, with a valley between them.4And there came out from the camp of the Philistines a champion named Goliath of Gath, whose height was six[1] cubits[2] and a span. (Jos 11,22; Jos 13,3; 1Sam 21,10; 2Sam 21,19; 1Chr 20,4)5He had a helmet of bronze on his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail, and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels[3] of bronze.6And he had bronze armor on his legs, and a javelin of bronze slung between his shoulders. (1Sam 17,45)7The shaft of his spear was like a weaver’s beam, and his spear’s head weighed six hundred shekels of iron. And his shield-bearer went before him. (1Sam 17,41)8He stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel, “Why have you come out to draw up for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and are you not servants of Saul? Choose a man for yourselves, and let him come down to me. (1Sam 8,17)9If he is able to fight with me and kill me, then we will be your servants. But if I prevail against him and kill him, then you shall be our servants and serve us.” (1Sam 11,1)10And the Philistine said, “I defy the ranks of Israel this day. Give me a man, that we may fight together.” (1Sam 17,25; 1Sam 17,36; 1Sam 17,45; 2Sam 21,21)11When Saul and all Israel heard these words of the Philistine, they were dismayed and greatly afraid.12Now David was the son of an Ephrathite of Bethlehem in Judah, named Jesse, who had eight sons. In the days of Saul the man was already old and advanced in years.[4] (1Mo 35,19; Rut 4,22; 1Sam 16,1; 1Sam 16,10; 1Sam 16,18; 1Sam 17,58; 1Chr 2,13)13The three oldest sons of Jesse had followed Saul to the battle. And the names of his three sons who went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah. (1Sam 16,6; 1Sam 16,8; 1Chr 2,13)14David was the youngest. The three eldest followed Saul, (1Sam 16,11)15but David went back and forth from Saul to feed his father’s sheep at Bethlehem. (1Sam 16,19)16For forty days the Philistine came forward and took his stand, morning and evening.17And Jesse said to David his son, “Take for your brothers an ephah[5] of this parched grain, and these ten loaves, and carry them quickly to the camp to your brothers.18Also take these ten cheeses to the commander of their thousand. See if your brothers are well, and bring some token from them.” (1Mo 37,14; 1Sam 16,20)19Now Saul and they and all the men of Israel were in the Valley of Elah, fighting with the Philistines.20And David rose early in the morning and left the sheep with a keeper and took the provisions and went, as Jesse had commanded him. And he came to the encampment as the host was going out to the battle line, shouting the war cry. (1Sam 26,5; 1Sam 26,7)21And Israel and the Philistines drew up for battle, army against army.22And David left the things in charge of the keeper of the baggage and ran to the ranks and went and greeted his brothers. (Jes 10,28; Apg 21,15)23As he talked with them, behold, the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, came up out of the ranks of the Philistines and spoke the same words as before. And David heard him. (1Sam 17,4; 1Sam 17,8)24All the men of Israel, when they saw the man, fled from him and were much afraid.25And the men of Israel said, “Have you seen this man who has come up? Surely he has come up to defy Israel. And the king will enrich the man who kills him with great riches and will give him his daughter and make his father’s house free in Israel.” (Jos 15,16; 1Sam 17,10; 1Sam 17,36; 1Sam 17,45)26And David said to the men who stood by him, “What shall be done for the man who kills this Philistine and takes away the reproach from Israel? For who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?” (5Mo 5,26; Jos 3,10; Ri 14,3; 1Sam 11,2; 1Sam 17,25)27And the people answered him in the same way, “So shall it be done to the man who kills him.” (1Sam 17,25)28Now Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spoke to the men. And Eliab’s anger was kindled against David, and he said, “Why have you come down? And with whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness? I know your presumption and the evil of your heart, for you have come down to see the battle.”29And David said, “What have I done now? Was it not but a word?”30And he turned away from him toward another, and spoke in the same way, and the people answered him again as before. (1Sam 17,26)31When the words that David spoke were heard, they repeated them before Saul, and he sent for him.32And David said to Saul, “Let no man’s heart fail because of him. Your servant will go and fight with this Philistine.” (5Mo 20,3; 1Sam 16,18)33And Saul said to David, “You are not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him, for you are but a youth, and he has been a man of war from his youth.”34But David said to Saul, “Your servant used to keep sheep for his father. And when there came a lion, or a bear, and took a lamb from the flock,35I went after him and struck him and delivered it out of his mouth. And if he arose against me, I caught him by his beard and struck him and killed him.36Your servant has struck down both lions and bears, and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be like one of them, for he has defied the armies of the living God.” (1Sam 17,10; 1Sam 17,26)37And David said, “The Lord who delivered me from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine.” And Saul said to David, “Go, and the Lord be with you!” (1Sam 20,13; 1Chr 22,11; 1Chr 22,16; 2Tim 4,17)38Then Saul clothed David with his armor. He put a helmet of bronze on his head and clothed him with a coat of mail,39and David strapped his sword over his armor. And he tried in vain to go, for he had not tested them. Then David said to Saul, “I cannot go with these, for I have not tested them.” So David put them off.40Then he took his staff in his hand and chose five smooth stones from the brook and put them in his shepherd’s pouch. His sling was in his hand, and he approached the Philistine.41And the Philistine moved forward and came near to David, with his shield-bearer in front of him. (1Sam 17,7)42And when the Philistine looked and saw David, he disdained him, for he was but a youth, ruddy and handsome in appearance. (1Sam 16,12)43And the Philistine said to David, “Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?” And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. (1Sam 24,14; 2Sam 3,8; 2Sam 9,8; 2Sam 16,9; 2Kön 8,13)44The Philistine said to David, “Come to me, and I will give your flesh to the birds of the air and to the beasts of the field.” (1Sam 17,46)45Then David said to the Philistine, “You come to me with a sword and with a spear and with a javelin, but I come to you in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. (1Sam 17,6; 1Sam 17,36)46This day the Lord will deliver you into my hand, and I will strike you down and cut off your head. And I will give the dead bodies of the host of the Philistines this day to the birds of the air and to the wild beasts of the earth, that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel, (5Mo 28,26; Jos 4,24; 1Sam 17,44; 1Kön 18,36)47and that all this assembly may know that the Lord saves not with sword and spear. For the battle is the Lord’s, and he will give you into our hand.” (2Chr 20,15; Ps 44,6; Hos 1,7; Sach 4,6)48When the Philistine arose and came and drew near to meet David, David ran quickly toward the battle line to meet the Philistine.49And David put his hand in his bag and took out a stone and slung it and struck the Philistine on his forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell on his face to the ground.50So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and struck the Philistine and killed him. There was no sword in the hand of David.51Then David ran and stood over the Philistine and took his sword and drew it out of its sheath and killed him and cut off his head with it. When the Philistines saw that their champion was dead, they fled. (1Sam 21,9; 2Sam 23,21; Hebr 11,34)52And the men of Israel and Judah rose with a shout and pursued the Philistines as far as Gath[6] and the gates of Ekron, so that the wounded Philistines fell on the way from Shaaraim as far as Gath and Ekron. (Jos 15,11; Jos 15,36; 1Sam 17,4)53And the people of Israel came back from chasing the Philistines, and they plundered their camp.54And David took the head of the Philistine and brought it to Jerusalem, but he put his armor in his tent. (1Sam 17,57; 2Sam 5,6)55As soon as Saul saw David go out against the Philistine, he said to Abner, the commander of the army, “Abner, whose son is this youth?” And Abner said, “As your soul lives, O king, I do not know.” (1Sam 1,26; 1Sam 16,21; 2Sam 2,8)56And the king said, “Inquire whose son the boy is.”57And as soon as David returned from the striking down of the Philistine, Abner took him, and brought him before Saul with the head of the Philistine in his hand. (1Sam 17,54)58And Saul said to him, “Whose son are you, young man?” And David answered, “I am the son of your servant Jesse the Bethlehemite.” (1Sam 17,12)