Exodus 18 | English Standard Version

English Standard Version

Jethro’s Advice

1 Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law, heard of all that God had done for Moses and for Israel his people, how the Lord had brought Israel out of Egypt. (Ex 2:16; Ex 2:18; Ex 18:12) 2 Now Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, had taken Zipporah, Moses’ wife, after he had sent her home, 3 along with her two sons. The name of the one was Gershom (for he said, “I have been a sojourner^[1] in a foreign land”), (Ex 2:22; Ex 4:20; Ps 39:12; Ac 7:29; Heb 11:13)

Ex 2:22Ex 4:20Ps 39:12Ac 7:29Heb 11:13

4 and the name of the other, Eliezer^[2] (for he said, “The God of my father was my help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh”). 5 Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, came with his sons and his wife to Moses in the wilderness where he was encamped at the mountain of God. (Ex 3:1) 6 And when he sent word to Moses, “I,^[3] your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you with your wife and her two sons with her,” 7 Moses went out to meet his father-in-law and bowed down and kissed him. And they asked each other of their welfare and went into the tent. (Ge 14:17; Ge 18:2; Ge 19:1; Ge 29:13; Ge 33:4; 2Sa 19:39; 1Ki 2:19)

Ge 14:17Ge 18:2Ge 19:1Ge 29:13Ge 33:42Sa 19:391Ki 2:19

8 Then Moses told his father-in-law all that the Lord had done to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel’s sake, all the hardship that had come upon them in the way, and how the Lord had delivered them. (Ne 9:9; Ps 78:12; Ps 78:42; Ps 106:7)

Ne 9:9Ps 78:12Ps 78:42Ps 106:7

9 And Jethro rejoiced for all the good that the Lord had done to Israel, in that he had delivered them out of the hand of the Egyptians. 10 Jethro said, “Blessed be the Lord, who has delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians and out of the hand of Pharaoh and has delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians. (Ge 14:20; 2Sa 18:28; Lu 1:68) 11 Now I know that the Lord is greater than all gods, because in this affair they dealt arrogantly with the people.”^[4] (1Ch 16:25; 2Ch 2:5; Ne 9:10; Ps 95:3; Ps 97:9; Ps 119:21; Ps 135:5; Da 4:37; Lu 1:51)

1Ch 16:252Ch 2:5Ne 9:10Ps 95:3Ps 97:9Ps 119:21Ps 135:5Da 4:37Lu 1:51

12 And Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, brought a burnt offering and sacrifices to God; and Aaron came with all the elders of Israel to eat bread with Moses’ father-in-law before God. (Ge 31:54; Ex 24:11; De 12:7; De 14:26; 1Ch 29:22)

Ge 31:54Ex 24:11De 12:7De 14:261Ch 29:22

13 The next day Moses sat to judge the people, and the people stood around Moses from morning till evening. 14 When Moses’ father-in-law saw all that he was doing for the people, he said, “What is this that you are doing for the people? Why do you sit alone, and all the people stand around you from morning till evening?” 15 And Moses said to his father-in-law, “Because the people come to me to inquire of God; (Le 24:12; Nu 15:34) 16 when they have a dispute, they come to me and I decide between one person and another, and I make them know the statutes of God and his laws.” (Ex 24:14; De 4:5; De 5:1; De 17:8; 2Sa 15:2; 1Co 6:1)

Ex 24:14De 4:5De 5:1De 17:82Sa 15:21Co 6:1

17 Moses’ father-in-law said to him, “What you are doing is not good. 18 You and the people with you will certainly wear yourselves out, for the thing is too heavy for you. You are not able to do it alone. (Nu 11:14; Nu 11:17; De 1:9; De 1:12)

Nu 11:14Nu 11:17De 1:9De 1:12

19 Now obey my voice; I will give you advice, and God be with you! You shall represent the people before God and bring their cases to God, (Ex 4:16; Ex 20:19; Nu 27:5; De 5:5)

Ex 4:16Ex 20:19Nu 27:5De 5:5

20 and you shall warn them about the statutes and the laws, and make them know the way in which they must walk and what they must do. (De 1:18; Ps 143:8) 21 Moreover, look for able men from all the people, men who fear God, who are trustworthy and hate a bribe, and place such men over the people as chiefs of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens. (De 1:15; De 16:18; 2Ch 19:5; Ac 6:3)

De 1:15De 16:182Ch 19:5Ac 6:3

22 And let them judge the people at all times. Every great matter they shall bring to you, but any small matter they shall decide themselves. So it will be easier for you, and they will bear the burden with you. (Ex 18:26; Le 24:11; Nu 11:17; Nu 15:33; Nu 27:2; Nu 36:1; De 1:17; De 17:8)

Ex 18:26Le 24:11Nu 11:17Nu 15:33Nu 27:2Nu 36:1De 1:17De 17:8

23 If you do this, God will direct you, you will be able to endure, and all this people also will go to their place in peace.” (Ex 18:18) 24 So Moses listened to the voice of his father-in-law and did all that he had said. 25 Moses chose able men out of all Israel and made them heads over the people, chiefs of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens. (De 1:15) 26 And they judged the people at all times. Any hard case they brought to Moses, but any small matter they decided themselves. (Ex 18:22) 27 Then Moses let his father-in-law depart, and he went away to his own country. (Nu 10:29)

الكتاب المقدس

يثرون يزور موسى

1 وَسَمِعَ يَثْرُونُ كَاهِنُ مِدْيَانَ وَحَمُو مُوسَى بِجَمِيعِ مَا أَجْرَاهُ اللهُ لِمُوسَى وَلإِسْرَائِيلَ شَعْبِهِ، وَكَيْفَ أَخْرَجَهُمْ مِنْ مِصْرَ، 2 فَأَخَذَ يَثْرُونُ حَمُو مُوسَى صَفُّورَةَ زَوْجَةَ مُوسَى الَّتِي كَانَ قَدْ أَرْجَعَهَا إِلَى أَبِيهَا 3 وَابْنَيْهَا اللَّذَيْنِ يُدْعَى أَحَدُهُمَا جِرْشُومَ (وَمَعْنَاهُ: غَرِيبٌ) لأَنَّ (مُوسَى) قَالَ: «كُنْتُ نَزِيلاً فِي أَرْضٍ غَرِيبَةٍ». 4 وَاسْمُ الثَّانِي أَلِيعَازَرُ (وَمَعْنَاهُ: إِلَهِي عَوْنٌ لِي) لأَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِلَهُ أَبِي كَانَ عَوْنِي، فَأَنْقَذَنِي مِنْ سَيْفِ فِرْعَوْنَ». 5 وَقَدِمَ يَثْرُونُ حَمُو مُوسَى وَمَعَهُ ابْنَا مُوسَى وَزَوْجَتُهُ إِلَى مُوسَى فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ حَيْثُ كَانَ مُجْتَمِعاً عِنْدَ جَبَلِ اللهِ. 6 فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى مُوسَى قَائِلاً: «أَنَا حَمُوكَ يَثْرُونُ قَادِمٌ إِلَيْكَ وَمَعِي زَوْجَتُكَ وَابْنَاهَا». 7 فَخَفَّ مُوسَى لاِسْتِقْبَالِ حَمِيهِ، وَانْحَنَى لَهُ احْتِرَاماً وَقَبَّلَهُ. وَسَأَلَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا الآخَرَ عَنْ أَحْوَالِهِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلا إِلَى الْخَيْمَةِ. 8 وَسَرَدَ مُوسَى عَلَى حَمِيهِ كُلَّ مَا أَجْرَاهُ الرَّبُّ عَلَى فِرْعَوْنَ وَالْمِصْرِيِّينَ لإِنْقَاذِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَمَا تَعَرَّضُوا لَهُ مِنْ مَشَقَّةٍ فِي الطَّرِيقِ، وَكَيْفَ أَنْقَذَهُمُ الرَّبُّ مِنْهَا. 9 فَاغْتَبَطَ يَثْرُونُ بِجَمِيعِ مَا صَنَعَهُ الرَّبُّ مِنْ إِحْسَانٍ إِلَى إِسْرَائِيلَ، إذْ أَنْقَذَهُمْ مِنْ يَدِ الْمِصْرِيِّينَ. 10 وَقَالَ يَثْرُونُ: «مُبَارَكٌ الرَّبُّ الَّذِي أَنْقَذَكُمْ مِنْ يَدِ الْمِصْرِيِّينَ وَمِنْ يَدِ فِرْعَوْنَ، وَحَرَّرَ الشَّعْبَ مِنْ نِيرِ الْمِصْرِيِّينَ. 11 الآنَ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الرَّبَّ هُوَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الآلِهَةِ، لأَنَّهُ عَامَلَهُمْ بِمِثْلِ مَا بَغَوْا بِهِ». 12 وَقَدَّمَ يَثْرُونُ حَمُو مُوسَى مُحْرَقَةً وَذَبَائِحَ لِلهِ. وَجَاءَ هَرُونُ وَجَمِيعُ شُيُوخِ إِسْرَائِيلَ لِيَأْكُلُوا طَعَاماً مَعَ حَمِي مُوسَى فِي حَضْرَةِ اللهِ. 13 وَفِي الصَّبَاحِ جَلَسَ مُوسَى لِيَقْضِيَ لِلشَّعْبِ، وَظَلَّ الشَّعْبُ وَاقِفاً لَدَى مُوسَى مِنَ الصَّبَاحِ إِلَى المَسَاءِ. 14 فَلَمَّا رَأَى حَمُو مُوسَى جَمِيعَ مَا يَقُومُ بِهِ لِلشَّعْبِ قَالَ لَهُ: «مَا هَذَا الَّذِي تَصْنَعُهُ لِلشَّعْبِ؟ وَلِمَاذَا تَجْلِسُ وَحْدَك لِلْقَضَاءِ، بِيْنَمَا يَظَلُّ جَمِيعُ الشَّعْبِ وَاقِفاً لَدَيْكَ مِنَ الصَّبَاحِ إِلَى الْمَسَاءِ؟» 15 فَأَجَابَ مُوسَى: «لأَنَّ الشَّعْبَ يُقْبِلُ إِلَيَّ لِيَسْتَطْلِعَ إرَادَةَ اللهِ. 16 فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُمْ دَعْوَى يَلْجَأُونَ إِلَيَّ فَأَقْضِي بَيْنَ الرَّجُلِ وَالآخَرِ، وَأُطْلِعُهُمْ عَلَى فَرَائِضِ اللهِ وَشَرَائِعِهِ». 17 فَقَالَ حَمُو مُوسَى: «إِنَّ مَا تَفْعَلُهُ لَيْسَ بِالأَمْرِ الصَّائِبِ، 18 إذْ لابُدَّ لِلْكَلَلِ أَنْ يَعْتَرِيَكَ أَنْتَ وَكُلَّ هَذَا الشَّعْبِ الَّذِي مَعَكَ، لأَنَّ الأَمْرَ فَوْقَ طَاقَتِكَ، وَلا يُمْكِنُكَ أَنْ تَتَوَلاهُ وَحْدَكَ. 19 فَأَصْغِ إِلَى صَوْتِي لأُسْدِيَ لَكَ نَصِيحَةً، وَلْيَكُنِ اللهُ مَعَكَ. فَلْتَكُنْ أَنْتَ مُمَثِّلَ الشَّعْبِ أَمَامَ اللهِ، فَتَرْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ دَعَاوَاهُمْ. 20 وَعَلِّمْهُمُ الْفَرَائِضَ وَالشَّرَائِعَ، وَأَعْلِنْ لَهُمُ الطَّرِيقَ الَّذِي يَسْلُكُونَهُ، وَمَا يَسْتَوْجِبُ عَلَيْهِمِ الْقِيَامُ بِهِ مِنْ أَعْمَالٍ. 21 وَلَكِنِ اخْتَرْ مِنْ بَيْنِ الشَّعْبِ رِجَالاً مُقْتَدِرِينَ خَائِفِينَ اللهَ أُمَنَاءَ يُبْغِضُونَ الرِّشْوَةَ، تُقِيمُهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ رُؤَسَاءَ لِفِئَاتِ الأُلُوفِ وَالْمِئَاتِ وَالْخَمَاسِينَ وَالْعَشَرَاتِ. 22 فَيَقْضُونَ لِلشَّعْبِ فِي الدَعَاوَى الصَّغِيرَةِ فِي كُلِّ حِينٍ. أَمَّا الْقَضَايَا الْمُسْتَعْصِيَةُ فَيَرْفَعُونَهَا إِلَيْكَ، فَيُخَفِّفُ ذَلِكَ عَنْكَ، إذْ يُشَارِكُونَكَ فِي حَمْلِ الْعِبْءِ. 23 فَإِنْ فَعَلْتَ هَذَا وَأَوْصَاكَ اللهُ بِهِ، أَمْكَنَكَ الْقِيَامُ بِمَسْؤولِيَّاتِكَ، وَيَمْضِي جَمِيعُ هَذَا الشَّعْبِ إِلَى مَكَانِهِ بِسَلامٍ». 24 فَاسْتَمَعَ مُوسَى إِلَى نِصيحَةِ حَمِيهِ، وَنَفَّذَ كُلَّ مَا قَالَهُ لَهُ، 25 وَاخْتَارَ مُوسَى مِنْ بَيْنِ جَمِيعِ الإِسْرَائِيلِيِّينَ رِجَالاً مُقْتَدِرِينَ، وَأَقَامَهُمْ عَلَى الشَّعْبِ، رُؤَسَاءَ أُلُوفٍ وَمِئَاتٍ وَخَمَاسِينَ وَعَشَرَاتٍ. 26 فَكَانُوا يَقْضُونَ لِلشَّعْبِ فِي كُلِّ الدَعَاوَى الصَّغِيرَةِ. أَمَّا الْقَضَايَا الُمُسْتَعْصِيَةُ فَكَانُوا يَرْفَعُونَهَا إِلَى مُوسَى. 27 ثُمَّ شَيَّعَ مُوسَى حَمَاهُ، فَرَجَعَ هَذَا إِلَى أَرْضِهِ.