Markus 12 | الكتاب المقدس

مَثل المزارعين

1 وَأَخَذَ يُخَاطِبُهُمْ بِأَمْثَالٍ، فَقَالَ: «غَرَسَ إِنْسَانٌ كَرْماً، وَأَقَامَ حَوْلَهُ سُوراً، وَحَفَرَ فِيهِ حَوْضَ مِعْصَرَةٍ، وَبَنَى فِيهِ بُرْجَ حِرَاسَةٍ. ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ الْكَرْمَ إِلَى مُزَارِعِينَ، وَسَافَرَ. 2 وَفِي الأَوَانِ، أَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْمُزَارِعِينَ عَبْداً لِيَتَسَلَّمَ مِنْهُمْ حِصَّتَهُ مِنْ ثَمَرِ الْكَرْمِ. 3 إِلّا أَنَّهُمْ أَمْسَكُوهُ وَضَرَبُوهُ وَرَدُّوهُ فَارِغَ الْيَدَيْنِ. 4 فَعَادَ وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَبْداً آخَرَ، فَشَجُّوا رَأْسَهُ وَرَدُّوهُ مُهَاناً. 5 ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ آخَرَ أَيْضاً فَقَتَلُوهُ. ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ آخَرِينَ كَثِيرِينَ، فَضَرَبُوا بَعْضاً وَقَتَلُوا بَعْضاً. 6 وَإِذْ كَانَ لَهُ بَعْدُ ابْنٌ وَحِيدٌ حَبِيبٌ، أَرْسَلَهُ أَيْضاً إِلَيْهِمْ أَخِيراً، قَائِلاً: إِنَّهُمْ سَيَهَابُونَ ابْنِي! 7 وَلكِنَّ أُولئِكَ الْمُزَارِعِينَ قَالُوا بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: هَذَا هُوَ الْوَرِيثُ؛ تَعَالَوْا نَقْتُلْهُ فَنَحْصُلَ عَلَى الْمِيرَاثِ! 8 فَأَمْسَكُوهُ وَقَتَلُوهُ وَطَرَحُوهُ خَارِجَ الْكَرْمِ. 9 فَمَاذَا يَفْعَلُ رَبُّ الْكَرْمِ؟ إِنَّهُ يَأْتِي وَيُهْلِكُ الْمُزَارِعِينَ، وَيُسَلِّمُ الْكَرْمَ إِلَى غَيْرِهِمْ. 10 أَفَمَا قَرَأْتُمْ هذِهِ الآيَةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ: الْحَجَرُ الَّذِي رَفَضَهُ الْبُنَاةُ، هُوَ نَفْسُهُ صَارَ حَجَرَ الزَّاوِيَةِ. 11 مِنَ الرَّبِّ كَانَ هَذَا، وَهُوَ عَجِيبٌ فِي أَنْظَارِنَا!» 12 فَسَعَوْا إِلَى الْقَبْضِ عَلَيْهِ، وَلكِنَّهُمْ خَافُوا الْجَمْعَ، لأَنَّهُمْ أَدْرَكُوا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَعْنِيهِمْ بِهذَا الْمَثَلِ. فَتَرَكُوهُ وَانْصَرَفُوا.

دفع الجزية للقيصر

13 ثُمَّ أَرْسَلُوا إِلَيْهِ بَعْضاً مِنَ الْفَرِّيسِيِّينَ وَأَعْضَاءِ حِزْبِ هِيرُودُسَ، لِكَيْ يُوْقِعُوهُ بِكَلِمَةٍ يَقُولُهَا. 14 فَجَاءُوا وَقَالُوا لَهُ: «يَا مُعَلِّمُ، نَحْنُ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ صَادِقٌ، وَلا تُبَالِي بِأَحَدٍ، لأَنَّكَ لَا تُرَاعِي مَقَامَاتِ النَّاسِ، بَلْ تُعَلِّمُ طَرِيقَ اللهِ بِالْحَقِّ: أَيَحِلُّ أَنْ تُدْفَعَ الْجِزْيَةُ لِلْقَيْصَرِ أَمْ لا؟ أَنَدْفَعُهَا أَمْ لَا نَدْفَعُ؟» 15 وَلكِنَّهُ إِذْ عَلِمَ نِفَاقَهُمْ قَالَ لَهُمْ: «لِمَاذَا تُجَرِّبُونَنِي؟ أَحْضِرُوا إِلَيَّ دِينَاراً لأَرَاهُ!» 16 فَأَحْضَرُوا إِلَيْهِ دِينَاراً، فَسَأَلَهُمْ: «لِمَنْ هذِهِ الصُّورَةُ وَهذَا النَّقْشُ؟» فَقَالُوا لَهُ: «لِلْقَيْصَرِ». 17 فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ قَائِلاً: «أَعْطُوا مَا لِلْقَيْصَرِ لِلْقَيْصَرِ، وَمَا لِلهِ لِلهِ!» فَذُهِلُوا مِنْهُ.

الزواج في القيامة

18 وَتَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضُ الصَّدُّوقِيِّينَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْقِيَامَةِ، وَسَأَلُوهُ قَائِلِينَ: 19 «يَا مُعَلِّمُ، كَتَبَ لَنَا مُوسَى: إِنْ مَاتَ لأَحَدٍ أَخٌ وَتَرَكَ زَوْجَتَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ دُونَ أَنْ يُخَلِّفَ أَوْلاداً، فَعَلَى أَخِيهِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ بِأَرْمَلَتِهِ وَيُقِيمَ نَسْلاً عَلَى اسْمِ أَخِيهِ. 20 فَقَدْ كَانَ هُنَالِكَ سَبْعَةُ إِخْوَةٍ، اتَّخَذَ أَوَّلُهُمْ زَوْجَةً ثُمَّ مَاتَ دُونَ أَنْ يُخَلِّفَ نَسْلاً، 21 فَاتَّخَذَهَا الثَّانِي ثُمَّ مَاتَ هُوَ أَيْضاً دُونَ أَنْ يُخَلِّفَ نَسْلاً، فَفَعَلَ الثَّالِثُ كَذلِكَ. 22 وَهكَذَا اتَّخَذَهَا السَّبْعَةُ دُونَ أَنْ يُخَلِّفُوا نَسْلاً. وَمِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ جَمِيعاً، مَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ أَيْضاً. 23 فَفِي الْقِيَامَةِ، عِنْدَمَا يَقُومُونَ، لِمَنْ مِنْهُمْ تَكُونُ الْمَرْأَةُ زَوْجَةً، فَقَدْ كَانَتْ زَوْجَةً لِكُلٍّ مِنَ السَّبْعَةِ؟» 24 فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ يَسُوعُ قَائِلاً: «أَلَسْتُمْ فِي ضَلالٍ لأَنَّكُمْ لَا تَفْهَمُونَ الْكِتَابَ وَلا قُدْرَةَ اللهِ؟ 25 فَعِنْدَمَا يَقُومُ النَّاسُ مِنْ بَيْنِ الأَمْوَاتِ، لَا يَتَزَوَّجُونَ وَلا يُزَوَّجُونَ، بَلْ يَكُونُونَ كَالْمَلائِكَةِ الَّذِينَ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ. 26 وَأَمَّا عَنِ الأَمْوَاتِ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُومُونَ، أَفَمَا قَرَأْتُمْ فِي كِتَابِ مُوسَى، فِي الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ الْعُلَّيْقَةِ، كَيْفَ كَلَّمَهُ اللهُ قَائِلاً: أَنَا إِلهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِلَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَإِلَهُ يَعْقُوبَ؟ 27 فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِإِلهِ أَمْوَاتٍ، بَلْ هُوَ إِلهُ أَحْيَاءَ. فَأَنْتُمْ إِذَنْ فِي ضَلالٍ عَظِيمٍ!»

الوصية العظمى

28 وَتَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ وَاحِدٌ مِنَ الْكَتَبَةِ كَانَ قَدْ سَمِعَهُمْ يَتَجَادَلُونَ، وَرَأَى أَنَّهُ أَحْسَنَ الرَّدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَسَأَلَهُ: «أَيَّةُ وَصِيَّةٍ هِيَ أُولَى الْوَصَايَا جَمِيعاً؟» 29 فَأَجَابَهُ يَسُوعُ: «أُولَى الْوَصَايَا جَمِيعاً هِيَ: اسْمَعْ يَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، الرَّبُّ إِلهُنَا رَبٌّ وَاحِدٌ 30 فَأَحِبَّ الرَّبَّ إِلهَكَ بِكُلِّ قَلْبِكَ وَبِكُلِّ نَفْسِكَ وَبِكُلِّ فِكْرِكَ وَبِكُلِّ قُوَّتِكَ. هذِهِ هِيَ الْوَصِيَّةُ الأُولَى. 31 وَهُنَاكَ ثَانِيَةٌ مِثْلُهَا، وَهِيَ أَنْ تُحِبَّ قَرِيبَكَ كَنَفْسِكَ. فَمَا مِنْ وَصِيَّةٍ أُخْرَى أَعْظَمُ مِنْ هَاتَيْنِ». 32 فَقَالَ لَهُ الْكَاتِبُ: «صَحِيحٌ، يَا مُعَلِّمُ! حَسَبَ الْحَقِّ تَكَلَّمْتَ. فَإِنَّ اللهَ وَاحِدٌ وَلَيْسَ آخَرُ سِوَاهُ. 33 وَمَحَبَّتُهُ بِكُلِّ الْقَلْبِ وَبِكُلِّ الْفَهْمِ وَبِكُلِّ الْقُوَّةِ، وَمَحَبَّةُ الْقَرِيبِ كَالنَّفْسِ، أَفْضَلُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمُحْرَقَاتِ وَالذَّبَائِحِ!» 34 فَلَمَّا رَأَى يَسُوعُ أَنَّهُ أَجَابَ بِحِكْمَةٍ، قَالَ لَهُ: «لَسْتَ بَعِيداً عَنْ مَلَكُوتِ اللهِ!» وَلَمْ يَجْرُؤْ أَحَدٌ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ أَنْ يُوَجِّهَ إِلَيْهِ أَيَّ سُؤَالٍ.

المسيح وداود

35 وَتَكَلَّمَ يَسُوعُ فِيمَا هُوَ يُعَلِّمُ فِي الْهَيْكَلِ، فَقَالَ: «كَيْفَ يَقُولُ الْكَتَبَةُ إِنَّ الْمَسِيحَ هُوَ ابْنُ دَاوُدَ؟ 36 فَإِنَّ دَاوُدَ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ بِالرُّوحِ الْقُدُسِ: قَالَ الرَّبُّ لِرَبِّي: اجْلِسْ عَنْ يَمِينِي حَتَّى أَضَعَ أَعْدَاءَكَ مَوْطِئاً لِقَدَمَيْكَ! 37 فَمَادَامَ دَاوُدُ نَفْسُهُ يَدْعُوهُ الرَّبَّ فَمِنْ أَيْنَ يَكُونُ ابْنَهُ؟» وَكَانَ الْجَمْعُ الْعَظِيمُ يَسْمَعُهُ بِسُرُورٍ.

التحذير من الكتبة

38 وَقَالَ لَهُمْ فِي تَعْلِيمِهِ: «خُذُوا حِذْرَكُمْ مِنَ الْكَتَبَةِ الَّذِينَ يُحِبُّونَ التَّجَوُّلَ بِالأَثْوَابِ الْفَضْفَاضَةِ، وَتَلَقِّي التَّحِيَّاتِ فِي السَّاحَاتِ الْعَامَّةِ، 39 وَالأَمَاكِنَ الأُولَى فِي الْمَجَامِعِ، وَأَمَاكِنَ الصَّدَارَةِ فِي الْوَلائِمِ. 40 يَلْتَهِمُونَ بُيُوتَ الأَرَامِلِ، وَيَتَبَاهُونَ بِإِطَالَةِ الصَّلَوَاتِ. هؤُلاءِ سَتَنْزِلُ بِهِمْ دَيْنُونَةٌ أَقْسَى!»

تقدمة الأَرملة

41 وَإِذْ جَلَسَ يَسُوعُ مُقَابِلَ صُنْدُوقِ الْهَيْكَلِ، رَأَى كَيْفَ كَانَ الْجَمْعُ يُلْقُونَ النُّقُودَ فِي الصُّنْدُوقِ. وَأَلْقَى كَثِيرُونَ مِنَ الأَغْنِيَاءِ مَالاً كَثِيراً. 42 ثُمَّ جَاءَتْ أَرْمَلَةٌ فَقِيرَةٌ وَأَلْقَتْ فَلْسَيْنِ يُسَاوِيَانِ رُبْعاً وَاحِداً. 43 فَدَعَا تَلامِيذَهُ وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: «الْحَقَّ أَقُولُ لَكُمْ: إِنَّ هذِهِ الأَرْمَلَةَ الْفَقِيرَةَ قَدْ أَلْقَتْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الَّذِينَ أَلْقَوْا فِي الصُّنْدُوقِ: 44 لأَنَّ جَمِيعَهُمْ أَلْقَوْا مِنَ الْفَاضِلِ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِمْ، وَلكِنَّهَا هِيَ أَلْقَتْ مِنْ حَاجَتِهَا كُلَّ مَا عِنْدَهَا أَلْقَتْ مَعِيشَتَهَا كُلَّهَا!»

New International Version

The parable of the tenants

1 Jesus then began to speak to them in parables: ‘A man planted a vineyard. He put a wall round it, dug a pit for the winepress and built a watchtower. Then he rented the vineyard to some farmers and moved to another place. 2 At harvest time he sent a servant to the tenants to collect from them some of the fruit of the vineyard. 3 But they seized him, beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 4 Then he sent another servant to them; they struck this man on the head and treated him shamefully. 5 He sent still another, and that one they killed. He sent many others; some of them they beat, others they killed. 6 ‘He had one left to send, a son, whom he loved. He sent him last of all, saying, “They will respect my son.” 7 ‘But the tenants said to one another, “This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.” 8 So they took him and killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard. 9 ‘What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others. 10 Haven’t you read this passage of Scripture: ‘ “The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone; 11 the Lord has done this, and it is marvellous in our eyes”?’ 12 Then the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the elders looked for a way to arrest him because they knew he had spoken the parable against them. But they were afraid of the crowd; so they left him and went away.

Paying the poll-tax to Caesar

13 Later they sent some of the Pharisees and Herodians to Jesus to catch him in his words. 14 They came to him and said, ‘Teacher, we know that you are a man of integrity. You aren’t swayed by others, because you pay no attention to who they are; but you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Is it right to pay the poll-tax* to Caesar or not? 15 Should we pay or shouldn’t we?’ But Jesus knew their hypocrisy. ‘Why are you trying to trap me?’ he asked. ‘Bring me a denarius and let me look at it.’ 16 They brought the coin, and he asked them, ‘Whose image is this? And whose inscription?’ ‘Caesar’s,’ they replied. 17 Then Jesus said to them, ‘Give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s and to God what is God’s.’ And they were amazed at him.

Marriage at the resurrection

18 Then the Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, came to him with a question. 19 ‘Teacher,’ they said, ‘Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother. 20 Now there were seven brothers. The first one married and died without leaving any children. 21 The second one married the widow, but he also died, leaving no child. It was the same with the third. 22 In fact, none of the seven left any children. Last of all, the woman died too. 23 At the resurrection* whose wife will she be, since the seven were married to her?’ 24 Jesus replied, ‘Are you not in error because you do not know the Scriptures or the power of God? 25 When the dead rise, they will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven. 26 Now about the dead rising – have you not read in the Book of Moses, in the account of the burning bush, how God said to him, “I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob”? 27 He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are badly mistaken!’

The greatest commandment

28 One of the teachers of the law came and heard them debating. Noticing that Jesus had given them a good answer, he asked him, ‘Of all the commandments, which is the most important?’ 29 ‘The most important one,’ answered Jesus, ‘is this: “Hear, O Israel: the Lord our God, the Lord is one.* 30 Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.” 31 The second is this: “Love your neighbour as yourself.” There is no commandment greater than these.’ 32 ‘Well said, teacher,’ the man replied. ‘You are right in saying that God is one and there is no other but him. 33 To love him with all your heart, with all your understanding and with all your strength, and to love your neighbour as yourself is more important than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.’ 34 When Jesus saw that he had answered wisely, he said to him, ‘You are not far from the kingdom of God.’ And from then on no-one dared ask him any more questions.

Whose son is the Messiah?

35 While Jesus was teaching in the temple courts, he asked, ‘Why do the teachers of the law say that the Messiah is the son of David? 36 David himself, speaking by the Holy Spirit, declared: ‘ “The Lord said to my Lord: ‘Sit at my right hand until I put your enemies under your feet.’ ” 37 David himself calls him “Lord”. How then can he be his son?’ The large crowd listened to him with delight.

Warning against the teachers of the law

38 As he taught, Jesus said, ‘Watch out for the teachers of the law. They like to walk around in flowing robes and be greeted with respect in the market-places, 39 and have the most important seats in the synagogues and the places of honour at banquets. 40 They devour widows’ houses and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will be punished most severely.’

The widow’s offering

41 Jesus sat down opposite the place where the offerings were put and watched the crowd putting their money into the temple treasury. Many rich people threw in large amounts. 42 But a poor widow came and put in two very small copper coins, worth only a few pence. 43 Calling his disciples to him, Jesus said, ‘Truly I tell you, this poor widow has put more into the treasury than all the others. 44 They all gave out of their wealth; but she, out of her poverty, put in everything – all she had to live on.’

الكتاب المقدس | New International Version | Markus 12